The Land of In-Between: Revitalizing America’s Small and Mid-Sized Cities

The Land of In-Between: Revitalizing America’s Small and Mid-Sized Cities. Center for Strategic & International Studies. William Alan Reinsch et al. December 16, 2020

After decades of slow urban decay, U.S. cities are experiencing a renaissance. New development and investment are rapidly changing the face of our nation’s urban areas. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, the U.S. economy was experiencing its longest period of growth in history and its lowest unemployment rate in nearly half a century. But such prosperity was not equally dispersed across the nation, with some regions reaping more of the benefits of this expansion. This report focuses on smaller metro regions in the U.S., fundamental to our national economy and where the plurality of citizens lives. Although these small and mid-sized communities have recently experienced decline and stagnation, many regions are now seen as new lands of opportunity for people fleeing the high cost of living and stress of big city living. CSIS research centers on two case studies to analyze what policies and actions governments and local stakeholders are implementing to encourage renewal and growth. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 56 pages].

How Misinformation is Distorting COVID Policies and Behaviors

How Misinformation is Distorting COVID Policies and Behaviors. Brookings Institution.  Jonathan Rothwell and Sonal Desai. December 22, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has been far reaching in its effects, but knowledge of key facts about the virus and related perceptions of risk associated with it are far from uniform. The varied perception of the facts is caused, at least in part, by varied exposure to relevant information. Using monthly data from 35,000 U.S. adults who responded to the Franklin Templeton-Gallup Economic of Recovery Study, we document significant variation in the understanding of COVID-related facts and concomitant behaviors. In a random controlled experiment that exposes people to different pieces of information, we observe large differences in the likelihood of buying away-from-home services, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, and policy preferences regarding the closing of schools and restaurants. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[HTML format, various paging].

The Global Energy Agenda

The Global Energy Agenda.  Atlantic Council.  January 18, 2021

The inaugural edition of the Global Energy Agenda provides context for the unprecedented year that has passed. It features a survey of thought leaders in the energy sector, as well as a series of essays by the leading figures in energy, to set the energy agenda for 2021. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 78 pages].

Biden Begins Presidency with Positive Ratings; Trump Departs with Lowest-Ever Job Mark

Biden Begins Presidency with Positive Ratings; Trump Departs with Lowest-Ever Job Mark. Pew Research Center.  January 15, 2021

68% of public does not want Trump to remain a major political figure in the future

As Joe Biden prepares to take office just days after a deadly riot inside the U.S. Capitol, 64% of voters express a positive opinion of his conduct since he won the November election. Majorities also approve of Biden’s Cabinet selections and how he has explained his plans and policies for the future. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 56 pages].

Trade Policy Priorities for a COVID-19 Era and Beyond

Trade Policy Priorities for a COVID-19 Era and Beyond. Atlantic Council. Barbara C. Matthews. December 14, 2020.

Transatlantic trade policy stands at a crossroads as 2020 draws to a close. Challenged by populists across the political spectrum, disrupted by COVID-19, and potentially rendered irrelevant by the distributed digital economy, it is fair to question whether the multilateral trading framework crafted at the tail end of World War II is fit for the twenty-first century. At seventy-five years, the system was showing its age before the pandemic hit. The transatlantic community should seize the opportunity to make key changes and encourage the evolution of the multilateral trading system in four ways: accelerate supply-chain digitization, diversify supply-chains, increase standards interoperability, and engage constructively with China.

Transatlantic policymakers have a real opportunity to rebuild and push forward a new trade policy agenda that can deliver economic growth in response to the pandemic. Choosing achievable goals can lay the foundation for a multilateral trading system that is fit to serve the needs of the twenty-first-century digital economy, and provide the foundation for a generation of cooperation that promotes real and responsible economic growth. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 30 pages].

Comparing Democratic and Republican Approaches to Fixing Social Security: An Analysis of the Larson and Johnson Bills

Comparing Democratic and Republican Approaches to Fixing Social Security: An Analysis of the Larson and Johnson Bills. Urban Institute. Richard W. Johnson, Karen E. Smith. December 2, 2020

Democrats and Republicans have floated proposals to address Social Security’s long-term financing deficit. We examine two leading congressional Social Security plans, one from Representative John Larson (D-CT) and another from former representative Sam Johnson (R-TX). Although both plans would balance projected program revenue and spending over the next 75 years, they would follow different paths to that goal. Larson’s plan would increase benefits, whereas Johnson’s plan would shrink benefits. Both plans would reduce future poverty rates for adult Social Security beneficiaries below the rates that would prevail if the trust funds ran out and all beneficiaries experienced the same percentage cut in payments. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 42 pages].

The Drivers of Institutional Trust and Distrust: Exploring Components of Trustworthiness

The Drivers of Institutional Trust and Distrust: Exploring Components of Trustworthiness. RAND Corporation. Jennifer Kavanagh et al. November 17, 2020.

Trust in many institutions, such as government and media, has declined in the past two decades. Although such trends are well documented, they are not well understood. The study described in this report presents a new framework for assessing institutional trust and understanding the individual characteristics and institutional attributes that affect trust. Analysis is based on a survey of 1,008 respondents conducted through the RAND Corporation’s American Life Panel in April 2018. The study makes several key contributions to the field of institutional trust research. First, researchers used a scale that distinguishes between trust and distrust, thus allowing a different understanding of trust. Second, the analysis is a first step toward understanding why people trust institutions. The framework allows exploration of components of trustworthiness—i.e., the institutional attributes that people say they consider important to levels of trust (e.g., integrity, competence). The researchers also analyzed relationships between components of trustworthiness and the individual characteristics of those expressing the level of trust. Third, the survey featured questions about multiple institutions, allowing researchers to make comparisons across institutions. The research provides insights into individual characteristics and institutional attributes associated with institutional trust. This study is a “first cut” at a complicated concept and at exploring what is needed to rebuild institutional trust. [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 240 pages].

Stronger Together: A Strategy to Revitalize Transatlantic Power

Stronger Together: A Strategy to Revitalize Transatlantic Power. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. December 2020

A group of experts and former government officials from Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) and the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) convened strategists from the United States and Europe over the past year to discuss the crisis in the transatlantic relationship and to propose a strategy to revive and strengthen it. We Europeans and Americans launched this project due to our shared commitment to the transatlantic relationship. We met throughout 2020—first in Munich and Berlin and then virtually during the pandemic—to develop a truly transatlantic fusion of ideas and strategy.  [Note: contains copyrighted material].

[PDF format, 100 pages].

Regulation and Reclamation of Coal Mining: Select Issues and Legislation

Regulation and Reclamation of Coal Mining: Select Issues and Legislation. Congressional Research Service. Lance N. Larson. November 17, 2020.

In the United States, coal mining operations supported economic growth and electrical power generation needs throughout the 20th century. Prior to the enactment of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) in 1977, no federal law had authorized reclamation requirements for coal mining operators to restore lands and waters affected by mining practices. Title V of SMCRA authorized a federal regulatory program for coal mine operations after 1977. SMCRA also established the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), within the Department of the Interior, as the federal agency responsible for implementing the requirements of SMCRA.

[PDF format, 21 pages].